Since the days of the Prophet Muhammad, Islam's economy has been running almost around the Arabian peninsula even to Africa is characterized by groups or tribes in the Arabian time enter into transactions or trade it for months, because in Islam there is no prohibition for a Muslim toisriis and related trade with non-Muslims. But Islam also has ethical principles in the conduct of Islam, one of which is permitted trade and forbidden usury (interest) is contained in the Qur'an.
In the history of Islam, economic freedom is guaranteed by various legal systems and traditions. Prophet Muhammad was not ready to set a price, even at that prices are soaring, as it is based on the principle of voluntary bargaining in the trade that allows the imposition of certain ways that sellers of their goods at a price lower than the market price. During those changes are caused by real factors in supply and demand that are not accompanied by a push-doronganmonopolik (single agent) and monopsonik (the sole shareholder). After the Prophet Muhammad, Muslims still maintain the principle of freedom which always carried the Prophet, even the concept of moral behavior in the market.
During the first few centuries of the Hegira, a number of experts to write books about the role and obligations of market operators. Themes contained in all these is the preservation of freedom in the market and elimination of monopolistic elements (structured monopoly). The principles defended by many Muslim judge, even to threaten legal system itself by removing the right to intervene in cases of monopoly. Based on this, Islam does not approve of if there is a social organization and social welfare plan when any organization / institution is pressing individuals and bind them with social authority, so that they are independent personalities will be lost, and most of them become mere machine or tool in the hands of the few.
economic in Rasululllah century
The economic history of Islam originated in foster Muhammad as a messenger of God at the age of 40. Allah issuing policies followed and continued by his successors that khulafaurrasyidin. Islamic economic thought based on Al-Quran and al-Hadith.
Life of the Prophet and the Muslim community at the time he was the best example of the implementation of Islam, including in the economic sphere. Although at the time before the prophethood of Muhammad is a businessman, but that meant economic in the Prophet in Madinah here is on time. In the Muslim community of Mecca have not had time to build the economy, because the time is full of struggles to defend themselves from bullying the people of Quraysh.
It was only in the period of the Prophet in Medina Medina took a leading building society up to sejahatera and civilized. Although the economy at the moment he is still relatively modest, but it was he had shown a fundamental principle of the principles of economic management. In this case, the strategy will be undertaken by the Prophet is to perform the following steps:
1. Build Mosque
2. The rehabilitation of Emigrants
3. Build Constitution
4. Put the Basics of National Financial System
The economy of the Umayyad Period
History of Economic Thought Islam at the Time of the Umayyad
The success achieved Umayyad give a different economic thinking, precisely when the Muslim world was under the leadership of the Umayyad caliph, Baitul Maal conditions change. This is the reign of the Umayyads, Baitul Maal divided into two parts; general and specific. Baitul Maal income generally reserved for the general public, while revenues Baitul Maal designed to encourage Sultan and his family. However, in practice, it is not uncommon to find a number of irregularities in distributing the property Baitul Maal. Thus the use of Baitul Maal dysfunction during the reign of Umayyad Empire.
Economic activity in the Umayyad Caliphate Period
In pre-Islamic, Roman and Persian money used in the Hijaz, in addition to a few pieces of silver Himyaryang berganbar Attic owl. Umar, Muawiyah, and other previous khalifah get enough foreign currency in circulation, and may, in some cases, there are verses in the Qur'an quote tetentu on the coins. A number of gold and silver money was printed prior to the time of Abd Al Malik, but it was a poor imitation of printing currency Byzantine and Persian. In 695, Abd Al Malik scored a gold dinar and silver dirham pure Arab oaring work. Wkilnya Iraq, Al Hajjaj, printing money in Kuffah next year.
The economy of the Abbasid Period
Very important role in realizing the economy of the Abbasid Caliphs in determining the progress of a country. Because of this, they pay special attention to the development of this sector, especially the first period of the Abbasid dynasty. This effort towards progress has actually been started since the reign of al-Mansur. That is the central government to transfer it to baghdad three years after he was appointed as caliph. By making baghdad city as the center of government control that has a special meaning for the development and progress in the economic field. Baghdad is a city located in areas that are strategic for business and trade. Sungi Tigris navigable up to the city. Similarly, there is a river cruise lines to close enough. So that merchandise could be transported downstream and business and Tigris river using small boats. In addition, the most important is comfortable and safe public roads from all directions Finally Baghdad became very crowded area, as well as the capital city ,governmnent city as well as retail, which is rampant at the time. From there, the country will be able to open a very large number.
In addition, the increase in population is also a factor promoting economic growth, which more rapid population growth, the greater and more market demand factors (demand). This in turn triggered high economic productivity.
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